![]() ![]() In particular, the depersonalization dimension of burnout can lead to the emotional distancing or disengagement of a psychologist from their clients ( Maslach and Jackson, 1981). Thus, burnout is not only harmful to the employee themselves (e.g., the psychologist in this case), but may also have secondary harmful effects on clients and patients ( Rupert et al., 2015). Burnout can negatively influence the quality of one's work and therefore the standard of care provided to clients ( Rupert et al., 2015), and is “hypothesized to produce a generalized negative outlook toward self and others” ( Paris and Hoge, 2010, p. 53).Įarly research into the phenomenon of burnout focused on employees in health-care services, as these were the “occupations in which the goal is to provide aid and service to people in need and which can therefore be characterized by emotional and interpersonal stressors” ( Bakker et al., 2014, p. However, Maslach's (1982, 1993) three-dimensional model of burnout and the Maslach Burnout Inventory are considered the “gold standard” in burnout research ( Schutte et al., 2000, p. Some conceptualizations of burnout argue that it is unidimensional in nature, pertaining only to exhaustion ( Pines and Aronson, 1988 Kristensen et al., 2005 Shirom and Melamed, 2005) and thus there are measures of burnout that examine this dimension only. Physical symptoms present as fatigue, exhaustion and somatization, and it is also linked to social withdrawal, the inability to regulate the expression of emotions ( Gorgievski and Hobfoll, 2008) absenteeism, ( Ahola et al., 2008) lowered morale and reduced efficiency and performance ( Taris, 2006). Not only can burnout be personally distressing ( Freudenberger, 1975), it may also manifest itself in many physical and mental health related issues ( Maslach et al., 2001). 184), and is often correlated with anxiety and depression ( Morse et al., 2012). Burnout is considered by many as a “work-related mental-health impairment” ( Awa et al., 2010, p. Finally, tentative recommendations for those within the field of applied psychology.īurnout is defined as the end state of long-term chronic stress ( Maslach, 2003), and is a syndrome represented by three dimensions mental fatigue or emotional exhaustion, negative feelings and perceptions about the people one works with or depersonalization, and a decrease in feelings of personal accomplishment ( Maslach and Jackson, 1981). Emotional exhaustion is the most commonly reported dimension of burnout, with job and personal characteristics and resources also playing important roles in the development of burnout in the mental health care profession. ![]() Workload and work setting are the most common job demands and factors that contribute to burnout among applied psychologists, with the resources and personal characteristics of research are age and experience, and sex the most commonly focused upon within the literature.Ĭonclusions: The results of the current review offers evidence that burnout is a concern for those working in the delivery of psychological interventions. Atheoretical approaches were common among the published articles on burnout among applied psychologists. The most commonly cited dimension of burnout by applied psychologists was emotional exhaustion (34.48% of papers). Results: The systematic review comprised 29 papers. An inductive content analysis approach ( Thomas, 2006) was subsequently conducted in order to identify the developing themes from the data. The Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT Crowe, 2013) was used to appraise the quality of each paper included in this review. Both quantitative and qualitative investigative studies were included in the review. Articles concerning the prevalence and cause(s) of burnout in applied psychologists, that were published in the English language were included. Methods: This PRISMA review ( Moher et al., 2009) involved searches of key databases (i.e., Web of Knowledge, SCOPUS and Google Scholar) for articles published prior to 1st January, 2017. Burnout research originated in the “caring-professions.” However, there is a paucity of research which has focused specifically on how job demands, resources and personal characteristics affect burnout among practitioner psychologists. Purpose: Burnout has been shown to develop due to chronic stress or distress, which has negative implications for both physical and mental health and well-being. 3Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.2Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.1Physical Education and Sport Science Department, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.MacIntyre 1,2 Deirdre O'Shea 3 Matthew P. ![]()
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